Preparing For Death And Dying Essays - Emotions, Grief,

Preparing For Death And Dying Often times, people feel uncomfortable talking to and interacting with a person who is dying. This is at least partly because we have no way to understand their perspective and what they are experiencing mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. Approaches to the dying process can help us become more comfortable by increasing our understanding and adding insight into the perspective of the dying person. I think hope is an important aspect of all stages. A person's hope can help them through difficult times. Adults have more fears about death than do children. They fear pain and suffering, dying alone, and invasion of privacy. They also fear loneliness and being separated from family and loved ones. The five stages of death have been identified as denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. The first stage is denial. During denial, persons refuse to believe they are dying. No, not me is a common response. The person believes a mistake has been made. Information about the illness or injury is not heard. The person cannot deal with any problem or decision related to the illness or injury. This stage can last a few hours, days, or much longer. Some people are still in the stage of denial at the time of death. The second stage is anger. The person thinks Why me? People behave with anger and rage. They envy and resent those who have life and health. Family, friends, and the health care team usually are the targets of their anger. They blame others. They find fault with those who are loved and needed the most. Anger is a normal and healthy reaction. Do not take a person's anger personally. The third stage is bargaining. The person now says, Why me, but .... There is bargaining with God for more time. Promises are made in exchange for more time. They may want to see a child marry, see a grandchild, have one more Christmas, or live to see an important event. Usually more promises are made as they make just one more request. This stage may not be obvious. Bargaining usually is private and on a spiritual level. The fourth stage is depression. The person thinks, Why, me. The person is very sad. There is mourning over things that have been lost and the loss of future life. The person may cry or say little. Sometimes, the person talks about people and things that will be left behind. The fifth and final stage of dying is acceptance of death. The person is calm and at peace. The person has said what needs to be said. Unfinished business is completed. The person is ready to accept death. A person may be in this stage for many months or years. Reaching acceptance does not mean death is near. Dying people do not always go through all five stages. A person may never get beyond a certain stage. Some move back and forth between stages. Some people are in one stage until death. Dying may take a few minutes, hours, days, or weeks. There is a general slowing of body processes, weakness, and changes in the level of consciousness. The family is going to go through a hard time. It may be very hard to find words to comfort them. You can show your feelings to the family by being available, courteous, and considerate. I've always been scared of dying. With that brought a fascination. I am always curious and intrigued when it comes to dying or thought of what lies ahead. I believe that one of the reasons why I decided to go into the nursing field, not because of death but the feeling of helping patients that are scared and are going through the dying process. Just being able to comfort them and help them can be very rewarding. Psychology

Accommodations for Students With Special Needs

Accommodations for Students With Special Needs Rarely are there specific lesson plans for special education. Teachers take existing lesson plans and provide either accommodations or modifications to enable the student with special needs to have optimum success. This tip sheet will focus on four areas where one can make special accommodations to support special needs students in the inclusive classroom. Those four areas include: 1.) Instructional Materials 2.) Vocabulary 2.) Lesson Content 4.) Assessment Instructional Materials Are the materials you select for the instruction conducive to meeting the child(ren) with special needs?Can they see, hear, or touch the materials to maximize learning?Are the instructional materials selected with all of the students in mind?What are your visuals and are they appropriate for all?What will you use to demonstrate or simulate the learning concept?What other hands-on materials can you use to ensure that the students with needs will understand learning concepts?If you are using overheads, are there extra copies for students who need to see it closer or have it repeated?Does the student have a peer that will help? Vocabulary Do the students understand the vocabulary necessary for the specific concept you are going to teach?Is there a need to focus first on the vocabulary prior to starting the lesson?How will you introduce the new vocabulary to the students?What will your overview look like?How will your overview engage the students? Lesson Content Does your lesson focus completely on the content, does what the students do extend or lead them to new learning? (Wordsearch activities rarely lead to any learning)What will ensure that the students are engaged?What type of review will be necessary?How will you ensure that students are understanding?Have you built in time for a breakout or change in activity?Many children have difficulty sustaining attention for lengthy periods of time. Have you maximized assistive technology where appropriate for specific students?Do the students have an element in choice for the learning activities?Have you addressed the multiple learning styles?Do you need to teach the student specific learning skills for the lesson? (How to stay on task, how to keep organized, how to get help when stuck etc).What strategies are in place to help re-focus the child, continue to build self-esteem and prevent the child from being overwhelmed? Assessment Do you have alternate means of assessment for students with special needs (word processors, oral or taped feedback)?Do they have a longer timeline?Have you provided checklists, graphic organizers, or/and outlines?Does the child have reduced quantities? In Summary Overall, this may seem like a lot of questions to ask yourself to ensure that all students have maximized learning opportunities. However, once you get into the habit of this type of reflection as you plan each learning experience, you will soon be a pro at ensuring the inclusional classroom works as best as it can to meet your diverse group of students. Always remember that no two students learn the same, be patient, and continue to differentiate both instruction and assessment as much as possible.

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Taxation - Essay Example A good example is the when the tax revenue collected is allocated towards paying for government services such as the police, the military and the government administration. Taxes are also collected for purposes of subsidizing the needs of its citizens such as the subsidization of a staple food or education. Taxation carries the weight of bearing the load of administration as well as providing its citizens a chance to run their country. As taxpayers many people are given the opportunity over voting rights as well as social security and welfare in times of hardship. Consumption Tax: It is a system whose tax base is consumption. This includes the goods bought by an individual. The most common is the VAT (Value Added Tax) and is added already on all legal goods that are being purchased. Excises: Excise does not depend on the quality of the object rather, based on quantity amount of tax payable is calculated. It modifies the consumption pattern of user. If excise in alcohol is made higher then, rate of alcohol consumption will definitely come down. Income Tax: Tax imposed on financial income of the person is known as income tax. Income taxes are also inclusive of the profits of a business if the individual is self-employed. This tax is inclusive of a person’s savings in correlation to the amount of money that has been saved. Poll Tax: Poll tax is the fixed amount of tax that is levied to each and every individual irrespective of his/her financial strength. Though they are cheap and easily manageable but, it has one basic drawback: Poorer people need to pay higher proportion than rich persons. Property Tax: Individuals who own property are required to pay a certain amount of tax. Inheritance taxes, Stamp Duties and a tax on gifts that you have made seven years before an individuals’ death. This tax is also inclusive of all the properties a UK citizen has overseas whether or not money is brought into the

Managerial Decision Making SA Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Decision Making SA - Case Study Example This plays a great role in reducing loses that might emanate from negative impacts. Communication is the key towards making rational decisions as different individuals are able to view a certain situation in different perspective an aspect that makes it easy to understand the weaknesses associated with making a specific decision (Bazerman & Moore 2013). The main aim of making critical decisions in business is to maximize profits and minimize risks. As a result, it’s important not to make quick decisions which are not well thought of as this might leave loopholes for the competitors to use against the business or organizations (Bazerman & Moore 2013). In conclusion, I believe that the model can be used in making decisions but other aspects should be incorporated because every challenge that faces an organization is unique in nature. As a result, this can be used as a platform for making decisions but other models should also be taken into

Machiavelli the Prince Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Machiavelli the Prince - Essay Example The people’s favor plays a chief responsibility in ensuring that princes remain in control of the realm. The kingdom, therefore, offers a lot of challenges to princes in order to stay in power since lack of community hold up leads to kingdom loss to preferred princes (Machiavelli 43). In regard to this problem, Machiavellian has proposed various ways in which princes and leaders in general should adopt to linger in power. The methods presented by the author are served to keep citizen support at all times both for the earlier leaders and leaders of today and tomorrow. However, despite the teaching of these methods in education institutions, most of the methods only apply for the case of the prince. The methods are specifically designed as tools for the prince’s selfish welfare. In the book, the author presents the question, and responses have been developed to criticize the thinker’s position, through various accounts presented by comparing it to the dangerous app roach of elitism. Presented Question The question presented by the thinker does not gyrate about what makes human good but rather what makes a compelling prince. The question has been perfectly answered by the writer through the application of the thinker ideologies. The ideologies are the methods that the thinker presents to the prince in an attempt to ensure the public remain on his side. The prince through the thinker must come up with stratagem to ensure loyalty from the masses, to keep the large population on his side. The issue brought about is that the prince has no regard for the human morality rather he cares more about retention of his realm. Critical Response The ideologies presented by Machiavelli can be regarded to be purely scientific. Machiavelli utilizes the classification system in which he treats kingdoms as the different species that have been prearranged into a political nomenclature. Machiavelli also provides suitable historical examples to back up his claims. H e exhibits his clear knowledge of past chronological events and develops the whole story through a clear argument. The prince has to uphold influence in his kingdom, and this necessitates the installation of fear into the citizens through various strict rules. However, while still maintaining power, the head has to take into thought the implications of the strict measures. The price has to install fear into the populace while still preventing an unnecessary cruelty since unnecessary cruelty may work against him. The prince has, therefore, to balance between cruelty and installation of fear as well as show respect to his subjects to prevent any unnecessary rivalries. The matter presented through the analysis, brings into light the idea that Machiavelli observes modest value in love, as well as the loyalty, that it might acquire from the populace. Machiavelli has the feeling that rulers have the obligation of making their citizens aware of their authority or powers (Machiavelli 38). T he author provides that competent princes have to establish themselves in their individual control of their realm instead of concentrating on other leaders. The author adds that the princes have to attempt to steer clear of hatred through any means possible. According to these statements, the author conveys the message that the rulers have to stay compact although they ought not to invite hatred because

Methodology set of rituals

Methodology set of rituals Unfortunately method is sometimes reduced to incantations or a set of rituals which are applied to data. Because the research object is complex due to its multi-dimensional characteristics it is not susceptible to exhaustive coverage. Therefore, method itself should investigate at a conceptual level and not simply applied in a mechanistic way. The methodology applied in this project is therefore not a recipe for research practice. The research requires a qualitative methodology rather than a quantitative and it will draw upon non-positivist insights like phenomenology and post-structuralist. Again the analysis is not based on statistics but employs semiotics and analysis of discourse. Through data collection and the development and elaboration on the theoretical embedding the findings will gain reliability, validity, as well as the ability to generalise. To distinguish this approach from statistical sampling Glaser and Strauss (1967) have termed this theoretical sampling. Grounding theory on the basis of observation and recounting experiences either social experiences or work practices requires a: â€Å" process of data collection for generating theory whereby the analyst jointly collects, codes, and analyses his data and decides what data to collect next and where to find them, in order to develop his theory as it emerges. The emerging theory, whether substantive or formal controls this process of data collection. The initial decisions for theoretical collection of data are based only on a general sociological perspective and on a general subject or problem area † (Glaser and Strauss: 45). This requirement has impacted the decision for a qualitative methodology that leans towards institutional ethnography, associated with Dorothy E. Smith a social theorist from Canada. However, researching this project through institutional ethnography is primarily motivated by my views that objective knowledge used in the management of organisations does not pay tribute to the actual diverse circumstances of the lives of organisations members and is thus not open to the causes and consequences of the social problems perpetuated by these circumstances. By using institutional ethnography I envision, implicitly, a more just world where knowledge is distributed more equally, and where it can be used a challenging force of the existing power relations in an organisation (De Vault, 2008). This method contributes to a distributive justice agenda by turning peoples everyday lives into knowledge which seek to understand the existing power relations, and pointing to possible interventions in th ese relations. In answering the questions â€Å"how does this happen as it does? How are these relations organised† (Campbell Gregor, 2002, p. 7), institutional ethnography relies on the influence of social organisation literature the language theory of Bakhtin and critical theorists such as Marx and Foucault. The combination of the terms institutional and ethnography implies the need to move beyond local practices (Travers, 1996). It is an approach to empirical inquiry grounded by a materialist ontology the daily world of peoples actual activities drawing from ethnomethodology that examines how everyday life experience or professional practice, or policy making is socially organised (Devault and McCoy, 2001 p. 751), and its consequences in contemporary societies. Social organisation is understood as local practices tied into activities occurring across time and space to form extended sequences of action or what are called â€Å"trans-local† relations (McCoy, 1998). Institutions organise themselves formally by establish discourses of power and control which are disseminated through. These policies form the basis for further organisational documentation like contracts, accounting records, time sheets, job descriptions etc. Institutions develop conceptual practices:. These discursive, managerial, and professional forms of governance can be seen as the textual venues (such as legislation, management, administration etc.) where power is generated and perpetuated in society across multiple sites and are defined in institutional ethnography as ruling relations. Attempting to understand how the coordination of work processes, activities, and relations organised across space and time form part of the ruling apparatus in society (Grahame Grahame, 2000) institutional ethnography examines how textual sequences coordinate consciousness, actions, and ruling relations what Smith calls textually-mediated social organisation. Ruling relations are embedded in t hese textually-mediated social organisations, which make power less obvious to those being controlled. This notion of ruling relations draws on Marx and his conception of political economy arising from the activities of people (Smith, 1990: 94), but also on ethnomethodology, because it starts from the common-sense knowledge of people and how they talk about daily activities. It should be clear that institutional ethnography is not simply a methodology. Institutional ethnography is not a tool one can readily use at will without adopting the theoretical framework. Theory and orientation toward research are intricately entwined in institutional ethnography and cannot be divorced from one another. In summary the aim of institutional ethnography is not the discovery of ‘meaning or the description of social worlds as in traditional ethnography; the goal is to discover the forms of coordination and control that shape peoples everyday lives and thus to look at the concrete actions of individuals as they function in relation to an institution using an ethnographic method, but more interested in the political contexts than other qualitative approaches. The method takes into account the texts and discourses that make up social life, but is actually more grounded in fieldwork study of texts that are actually used than most forms of discourse analysis (Eastwood Devault 2001). So the research begins from the embodied experience of particular Citi staff and then set about systematically investigating the social and institutional determinants of that experience. In this way, the research produces knowledge for people, rather than about them, a kind of map of the work processes, dis courses and social practices that generate specific forms of inequality, marginalisation and subordination. The object of study in this research is not individual people or social groups but, rather, the social relations, especially institutional work processes and related modes of knowledge, that form the ground of Citi staffs lived experience, hence the almost perfect fit to apply institutional ethnography as the research approach, because one of the main purposes of institutional ethnography is to describe the coordination of the day to day activities in the organisation. The challenge is then to discover how ideology can be used to relate those activities to Citis institutional imperatives. This method enables the exploration of power and politics within Citi, producing insights unavailable using other research methods. The co-ordinating Citi staffs activities is being investigated through the use of institutional texts, with the aim to clarify how these are â€Å"hooked up† as Smith expresses it hierarchically and horizontally beyond Citis world. Using institutional ethnograp hy my study identifies the language of meritocracy as an area of experience or everyday practice, and explicates the institutional processes shaping that experience (Campbell Gregor 2002, p.59; DeVault McCoy 2001, p.755). Text Approaching text through institutional ethnography means deviating from the post-modern stance. It is not the discourse of the text that is the starting point nor is the focus on the subject who makes use of it. Contrary to post-modern approaches to social analysis that often treat texts as metaphors, the ‘body as text or ‘society as text; institutional ethnography investigates texts as active constituents of social relations. The idea of texts as constituents of organisations has been around in institutional theory for a long time: DiMaggio and Powell (1983) argued that texts allow organisations to standardise by modelling themselves after similar organisations, which are perceived as legitimate or efficient. For Taylor et al. (Taylor et al., 1996; Taylor and Van Every, 1993), actions in bureaucratic organisations are always text generating. Hasslebladh and Kallinikos (2000: 703) assert that â€Å"no organisation could support its status as a formal system without the arsenal of verbal and numerical techniques through which its goals and operations are described, organised and controlled†. More recently, Phillips et al. (2004: 635) have offered what they call a â€Å"discursive model of institutionalisation,† where â€Å"it is not action per se that provides the basis for institutionalisation but, rather, the texts that describe and communicate those actions. It is primarily through texts that information about actions is widely distributed and comes to influence the actions of others†. The same authors (ibid.: 641) write that â€Å"discourses provide the socially constituted, self-regulating mechanisms that enact institutions and shape the actions that lead to the production of more texts. Thus, the discursive realm acts as the background against which current actions occur—enabling some actions and constraining others†. Texts, in both their material and symbolic aspect form the bridge between the everyday/every night local actualities of our living and the ruling relations (Smith, 1999:7). The relations into whom the text and its discourses enter are investigated to discover the social activities that are generated. Symbolically, it is how text influences everyday life to co-ordinate social activities, how text constitutes social organisation. This will show the power of texts in everyday life (Smith, 1992: 93), and the importance of the physical texts to institutional organisation (Smith, 1984). Texts transport power in ideologies and practices across sites and among people. Since texts do not know boundaries, they are powerful tools in organising peoples activities, across organisations. (Smith, 1999: 80), standardising peoples activities into bureaucracies. The power of a text can be viewed similar to Foucaults (1967) explanation: â€Å"Power must be analysed as something, which circulates, or rather as something which only functions in the form of a chain. It is never localised here or there, never in anybodys hands, never appropriated as a commodity or piece of wealth. Power is employed and exercised through a net-like organisation. And not only do individuals circulate between its threads; they are always in the position of simultaneously undergoing and exercising power. They are not only its inert or consenting target; they are always the elements of articulation [italics added]. In other words, individuals are the vehicles of power, not its point of application.† (p. 234) Ruling relations The entry point of my inquiry is the standpoint of actual individuals located in the everyday world (Smith, 1987:159). Standpoint refers then to the location of an embodied subject in a specific local, historical setting. Although experience is the ground zero of my analysis it cannot be confined to the direct experience of the everyday world for it is organised by social relations not fully apparent in it nor contained in it (1987:92). According to a social organisation framework, social relations are systematic processes that control peoples lives through ruling relations â€Å"more or less mysteriously and outside a persons knowledge† (Campbell Gregor, 2002, p. 18; 2004, p. 18). Within this framework, social life is not chaotic but is purposefully organised to happen as it does. Power becomes critically important to evidence how ruling relations are transported through knowledge, experience, discourse, and institutions. Power of these ruling relations is investigated on an institutional level where Citi transposes what really happens to its staff into abstract categories. Conceptualising â€Å"what happens in a form that makes it administrablethese categories are embedded, for example in case reports, report cards, application forms, tickets, etc.† (Darville, 2002, p. 61). Smith conceives of institution as a complex of relations organised around a specific function such as law, health care, or education. This complex of relations forms part of the ruling apparatus in contemporary society. Rather than referring to a specific form of social organisation, institution refers to the coordination and intersection of an array of activities into a functional complex. The concept institution does not refer to entities in themselves but rather to the way in which they are interwoven around a particular function. To obtain data for this analysis, this project proceeds through three main phases of data collection: investigation of local experience through the Citi staffs individual standpoint, analysis of processes and social relations extending beyond Citi staffs experiential accounts, and establishing the interconnection between the local experience and the extended experience (Griffith Smith, 1990; Smith, 1987). Phase one examines the work activities (broadly defined) of Citi staff engaged in the progress of their daily lives with a view to analysing how that world is shaped by and maintains the institutional process. Bearing in mind that experiences or situations are not free-standing phase one data collection tries to discover the â€Å"material connections between what actually happens to participants in a research setting and what triggers those particular events† (Campbell Gregor, 2004, p. 70). While phase one brings the problem into view, phase two is an analysis of ideological procedures that are used to make the institutional work processes accountable. It is a way to â€Å"explicate how the local setting, including local understandings and explanations, are brought into being- so that informants can talk about their experiences as they do†((Campbell Gregor, 2004, p. 90). Important to this phase of data collection and analysis is the earlier mentioned notion that power is carried through the ideological constructs of texts. Analysis is about deriving particular meaning from the data as to their social construction across multiple settings. Bringing the other phases together phase three analyses how these work processes in a particular context are connected across time and place and as such operate as part of an extended set of social relations (Smith, 1987:160-161).

My Memories of the State Park Essays -- Personal Experience

When I think about my favorite childhood places to visit, one spot stands out above the rest. My parents took my family to the State Park every year on Columbus Day weekend. Cramped in a station wagon between my three other brothers in the back seat, I remember the car ride to seemingly take triple the amount of time it really took. The time that it took to get to the state park was always increased when my parents would stop for lunch at the half way point, something they did each and every time. I knew we were close when I saw a sign for the Mall. It was a very weathered sign on the side of an even more deteriorating barn that could not have been larger than a classroom. I always laughed to myself about this sign because even though the sign advertised the mall was four miles ahead, the lettering of â€Å"4 miles ahead† was in a text size that you could barely make out as a passenger in a car traveling fifty miles per hour. If you were not paying attention, you would mistake this element torn building as the actual mall and feel a slight pity for the poor town. Though, seeing this sign and feeling the pity was a small price to pay for nearly being at your favorite place on Earth and out of your cramped conveyance. Shortly after the sign, there are road signs for the State Park which lead you to a steep, winding mountain road. Going up this incline in an overstuffed, late model station wagon seemed like it took more time than the two hour car ride it took to get to it. Then, finally, a carved boulder on the right side of the road appeared and proclaimed â€Å"STATE PARK.† This rock always had special meaning to me. It was a massive stone that never shifted from where it settled probably several decades ago. Th... ...ss visitors great experiences and upon arrival to it, it will be your turn to have them. The State Park holds many other places that offer different sorts of ventures, but when you truly respect the land, the tiniest encounters often yield the largest rewards. When you forego visiting the popular tourist destinations and decide to make your own exploits, the possibility of experiencing true freedom is increased. Going to a crowded beachfront by the lake, waiting in lines for bathrooms or to buy worms for fishing has less potential for adventure than simply walking into the woods without so much as a destination. There, in the woods, you will forget for hours that you live in society. Shortly after that absence of thought, you will find yourself doing unexpected and fulfilling activities that will shape your mind and outlook on life for as long as you live.

A Million Little Pieces

Is James Frey the next Great American author? A Million Little Pieces is the supposed documentation of James Frey’s six week rehabilitation from alcohol addiction, when he was 23 years old.The graphic results caused by Frey’s complex, along with the deeply rooted relationship America has with alcoholism allowed this novel to become a best seller.   This is despite the fact that the majority of instances presented in this book to be actual occurrences are, in fact, fiction.The story follows James Frey’s struggle with addiction.   It begins with him in dire straights.   In this essay, I will prove and show why James Frey is a candidate for possibly being considered the greatest writer of the new generation.Frey wakes up on an airplane half dead with absolutely no recollection of how he got there.   With a hole in his cheek, his nose broken and barely able to walk, Frey’s family picking him up from the airport has absolutely no choice but to take him to rehab.   In rehab, Frey is forced to quit alcohol and drugs cold-turkey, which would be reasonably difficult for anyone in his assumed position.He claims to be addicted to practically every drug, on top of his addiction to alcohol; he claims to have an extensive criminal record, which makes it very clear to the reader that he was a self destructive youth. But, I personally feel some of his depictions are a bit over the top. The signature line from this book is, I am an Alcoholic and I am a Drug Addict and I am a Criminal.   This also seems to be more of a persona played out by the main character as apposed to an actual depiction of Frey himself.The fact that Frey has dental surgery without any anesthetics, and the idea that he gets into numerous fights with whomever crosses his path, these are all examples of how Frey tries to create a tough persona for himself.   As an epic hero, Frey serves well, but once it is discovered that his book is fictional, I think it becomes eve n more complex and actually makes a very saying statement about the author.I do commend Frey on his writing style.   It is very unpredictable and unique to him.   His linesThe fact that it is known that Frey fabricated the truth, and that the book is very loosely based on fact, it leaves very little room for sociological interpretations.   There are moments in Frey’s rehabilitation when he meets with other interesting addicts.He compares their addictions to his own, and in turn forms a rational perception of his own problem.   He eventually uses this new self perception for the purpose of his own rehabilitation.This is a very trying and uplifting moment for the reader, whether it is fictional or not.   The six week experience draws a lot of emotion out of Frey, and if you feel for the character you will embody these emotions along with him.   Frey’s realization about addiction is a sincere take that is universally true.

Gender and Politics essays

Gender and Politics essays An area of global politics and international relations has until recently been a place of great concern regarding gender issues. The sensitivity of gender related problems can easily be noticed when we try to analyze the processes which are happening in politics. The sphere of politics has been ignoring women as politically relevant subjects for a long period of time. During the last two decades, gender issues were penetrating into the political reality, influencing practice, theory and global consequences (Jackson and Sorensen, 1999). Great pressures have been present, which neither society nor politics could endure. The concept of gender has now days reached an admirable position on a scale of politically important agendas. Those levels could not even be perceived fifty or a hundred years ago. A great progress has been made, but many things still remain to be done. The basic presumption of the feminist theory of politics is that women are underprivileged and discriminated in politics as well as in society in general. Feminists agree that differences of sex are apparent, but are not enough to undermine womens capabilities to be equal. Sex differences have many layers of socially developed rolls, which feminists call gender rolls. Gender refers to socially learned behavior and expectations that distinguish between masculinity and femininity (Peterson and Runyan, 1993). Gender roles operate in their most powerful, enduring and hard-to-change ways inside households and families. All feminists agree upon a fact that the society favors masculine qualities over feminine ones. This systematic discrimination leads towards a gender hierarchy, which creates deep seeded instability and potential conflicts. Paterson and Runyan try to point out that politics and international relations are succeeding in concealing the position of women by d ifferent statistical indicators of development. The fact is that the pos...

Unhealthy Hospital Case Study Essays

Unhealthy Hospital Case Study Essays Unhealthy Hospital Case Study Essay Unhealthy Hospital Case Study Essay Blake Memorial Hospital in Marksville recently hired Bruce Reid as their new CEO. The hospital and its clinics are not generating enough income. The hospital’s costs is rising, the quality of care is declining and is not generating enough revenue to cover the expenses. Bruce Reid was given a $70 million budget to improve the financial health of Blake Memorial and improve the quality of healthcare services. He was allowed only less than a week to finalize the budget and present it to the board members. The most difficult issue Mr. Reid had to address was the losses being incurred by the hospital’s six off-site clinics. If he decides to close the clinics then that would help with preventing the loss of incomes. However, the hospital had a responsibility to serve the uninsured patients in the community in those clinics. Closing the clinics would also anger the city Mayor who supported the hospital when it first decided to open them. The Mayor even threatened to have Blake Memorial’s tax records reviewed if the clinics are closed. In this situation Bruce Reid needs to utilize his strategic management skills to come with a solution to the daunting problem at hand. Bruce Reid needs to convince the board members that the clinics needs to stay open and serve the low income population in the community. At the same time he needs to come up with a plan to make the clinics more profitable for Blake Memorial. The best strategic plan is to present a plan that is long range and focuses in the budget for the next few years. Currently the offsite clinics are losing money and they are also the cause of the funds being diverted away from the hospital’s in-house services. Te best option for Mr. Reid is to start with making a plan for the short term problems such as the problems with the clinics. He should invest some of the money from the budget and upgrade the clinics. By upgrading the clinics the members of the community will feel more confident to acquire service from those clinics for their health care issues instead of going to other clinics in town. It will attract more low income patients as well as paying patients who help generate income for the hospital. A portion of the budget should be invested in technology that help determine the eligibility of the patient’s insurance and process the billing to ensure payment. In  order to attract privately insured patients the clinics needs to improve the quality of care and become more efficient in their services. Finally, he should move the hospital’s outpatient services to the clinics so it helps generate more income and also allows the hospital to provide better efficient and quality in-patient services. This move will also help increase the inpatient referrals to the hospitals from the clinics and Blake Memorial will be able to create a healthcare network of their own, a first in the community of Marksville. It is also important for Bruce Reid to create a good relationship with all the internal and external stakeholders on Blake Memorial. One such stakeholder is Commissioner of Health Services of Marksville, Clara Bryant. Also Dr, Susan Russell who is the director of clinics if Blake Memorial. Both of these women want to promote the clinics and improve the services to the low income families of the community. Keeping the clinics open will further help Blake Memorial to campaign for more funding from the community with the help of these women and the Mayor of Marksville.

Profits hit by rate rises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Profits hit by rate rises - Essay Example The increase in the accumulation of inventories however reduces the GDP as firms tend to avoid the "overhang of unsold inventories" as mentioned in the article. As real GDP converges to equilibrium i.e. aggregate planned expenditure starts to match real GDP, than the inventories of the firm start to draw down. If we take the scenario where inventories start to accumulate, a drift towards equilibrium would suggest that the planned expenditure exceeds real GDP hence in order to adjust the planned expenditure in line with the real GDP, inventories will start to reduce As discussed above, there are two components of aggregate expenditure i.e. autonomous expenditure and induced expenditures. Autonomous, investments, exports expenditure include government spending as well as autonomous consumption. The induced expenditure most involves private consumption including imports, savings, consumer expenditure etc. The autonomous expenditure does not vary with the changes in the real GDP therefore there is a very little impact of interest rises on this type of expenditure in short run. However, induced expenditure gets affected by the series of rises in interest rates.

Clinical biochemistry and advanced assessment in nutrition Assignment

Clinical biochemistry and advanced assessment in nutrition - Assignment Example Structurally and functionally, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is closely related to oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. On the other hand, branched –chain ketoacid dehydrogenease complex (BCKDC) is another critically significant enzyme complex that plays a critical role in the normal breakwdown of amino acids by catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of the branched short chain alpha ketoacids. In terms of their functionality, one of the most important similarities between the two enzymes is that just like the Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, (BCKDC) is also an intermitochondiarial enzyme complex that is primarily regulated by covalent modification. Additionally, much like Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), the branched –chain ketoacid dehydrogenease complex (BCKDC) is also comprised of the three components namely the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipolyl succinytransferase and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. With regard to the differences between the two enzyme complexes , the deficiency of the Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is normally caused by mutations in any of the cofactors or enzymes and the main clinical finding is usually lactic acidosis. However, unlike PDC, branched –chain ketoacid dehydrogenease complex is primarily concerned with the catabolism of branched amino acids such as valine, luecine and isoleucine. As a result, the deficiency of branched –chain ketoacid dehydrogenease complex is normally associated with the development of maple syrup urine disease as well as a number of other related medical problems. Accumulation for branched chain keto-acids is widely believed to be one of the potential causes of neurological features of MSUD through the induction of oxidative stress in the glioma cells. Lastly, when there is insufficient activity of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the organic acids that are usually elevated is primarily lactic acid while the insufficient activity of branched –chain ketoacid dehydrogeneas e complex normally result in the elevation of three organic acids namely: 2-oxoisocaproic acid derived from leucine, 2-oxoisovaleric acid derived from valine and 2-oxo-3-methylvaleric acid derived from isoleucine. How Peroxisomes are activated (PPAR system Fatty acid oxidation is an important metabolic pathway that normally results in the mitochondrial breakdown of long chain acyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA. The many steps involved in the process are generally regulated by PPARs at the transcriptional level. Peroxizomes usually work by proliferating or decreasing in response to lipids, toxicants, hormones or drugs that bind to bind to PPAR. On the other hand, the activation of peroxizomes is achieved when the PPAR suppress the gene transcription through small additions of dietary PUEFAs. Fig 1: Oxidation of fatty acids pathway How does biotin relate to multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD)? What are the symptoms and organic acid markers of biotin deficiency? Biotin is an important B-complex vitamin that is primarily obtained from food, but is also synthesized by certain microorganisms such as bifidobacteria in the human gut. Biotin is closely relate with multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) in that the heritable disorders of biotin metabolism usually lead to MCD condition that is characterized by deficiency in the activities of various diotin